Lukleo Lesson 10

Un article de Lukleo.

  1. LUKLEO
  2. Concise Grammar
  3. Detailed Grammar




Sommaire

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To Discover


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Colors


in English white blue maron yellow gray black purple orange red pink green violet
example
fremdi blanke blue brune yelowe grize nere purpure oranje rede pinke verde viole


The Professions, The Followers, etc...
Professional Follower, Passionate Amateur, Occasional Manager, Commanding Member, Adherent Collection, group Element, particle
ORO ISTO ANTO ESTRO ANO ARO ERO
bayko urbo vilatjo homo pano
bike, bicycle city, town village human being bread
baykoro baykisto baykanto urbestro vilatjano homaro panero
cyclist pro cyclist amateur cyclist occasional mayor villager humanity crumb


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THE COMPARATIVE and the SUPERLATIVE


  1. The comparatives of equality  :
    • Way, manner : Tii ... wi ... (As ... as ...)
      • Tii bele wi eli. As beautiful as her.
    • Quantity : Tiom ... wom ... (As much ... as ...)
      • Estas tiom da dogoy wom da katoy. There are as many dogs as cats.
  2. The comparatives MOS and LES :
    • Mos bele. more beautiful. Eli estas mos bele zan mi. She is more beautiful than I am.
  3. Les alte. less tall. Ili estas les alte zan mi. He is less tall than I am.
  4. The superlatives MOST and LEST :
    • Zi lest alte. The lest tall. Joano estas zi lest alte de zi lerneyo. John is the lest tall of the school.
    • Zi most bele. The most beautiful. Joana estas zi most bele de zi lerneyo. Jane est is the most beautiful of the school.


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The Other Tenses of the Conjugation


The Active Participles
Présent ANT lektante who reads, reading lektanti reading
Passé INT lektinte who has read, having read lektinti having read
Futur ONT lektonte who will read, after having read lektonti after having read
The Passive Participles
Présent AT lektate who is read, being read lektati who is read, being read
Passé IT lektite who has been read, having been read lektiti having been read
Futur OT lektote who will be read, after having been read lektoti after having been read


The composed tenses form with the auxillar estare + the participle.
Active Form Passive Form
mi estas lektante I am reading li estas lektate it is read
mi estis lektante I was reading li estis lektate it were read
mi estos lektante I will be reading li estos lektate it will be read
mi estus lektante I would be reading li estus lektate it would be read
mi estas andinte I have gone li estas manjite it has been eaten
mi estis andinte I had gone li estis manjite it had been eaten
mi estos andinte I will have gone li estos manjite it will have been eaten
mi estus andinte I would have gone li estus manjite it would have been eaten
mi estas faronte I am to making about lu estas farote they are to being made about
mi estis faronte I was to making about lu estis farote they were to being made about
mi estos faronte I will be to making about lu estos farote they will be to being made about
mi estus faronte I would be to making about lu estus farote they would be to being made about


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The Passive Voice


The passive voice
Zi pomo estas manjate per Joanu. The apple is eaten by John.
Eli estas lovite per ili. She is has loved by him.
Zi Ameriko estis ekvidite per Kristofo Colomo en 1492. America has been discovered by Christopher Colombus in 1492.


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Some affixes


  • You have noticed the shade between ISTO and ORO :
    1. For the florist word, one can translate by floristo or flororo.
      • the two are valid, yours of choosing.
    2. In contrary the words workisto and workoro, do not mean the same thing!
      • Labor Party member (political party) and worker (a professional).
  1. -ism-, gives the sense of "doctrine, system" to the root.
  2. -iz-, gives the sense of "decorating of, in accordance with the method of" in relation to the root.
  3. -um-, joker suffix! (when it does not correspond no other suffix)
  4. fi-, expresses the "physical or moral disgust".


spiritismo spiritualism englismo anglicism butonare to button butonizare decorating with buttons
naylare to nail down naylizare to stud Pastor Pasteur pastorizare to pasteurize
endas it is needed pagende to pay farare to make, to do farende to fulfill
umo whatchamacallit, thingamajig ume vague, imprecise koldo the cold koldumare to catch a cold
fi! shame! fie nasty drinkeyo bar, pub fidrinkeyo a slum


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Exercises


Put the words: les, lest, mos, most, zan
Mi vidis _ grande dogo. I have seen a dog bigger. Zi _ grande dogo. The less great dog.
Eli amas zi _ grande dogo. She likes the greatest dog. Kato estas _ grande. A cat is less big.
Zi dogo estas _ grande _ zi kato. The dog is bigger than the cat is. Nu devas andare _ spidi. We must go in a faster way.
Mi amas _ tiun bukon _ tiun. I prefer this book to that. Tio okazas _ ofti nawtaymi. This happens less often now.
Zi _ bele homa estas _ bele _ vi. This happens less often now. Vi certi estas _ lerte _ ili. You are probably more skillful than he is.
_ grave estas, ke vi memores tion. The most important is that you remembered that. Zi _ grande insekto estas nevidable. The smallest insect is invisible.
Ili komprenas _ boni tion _ ilie fratu. He understands better that than his brother does. Of totuy fruto mi amas _ bananoyn. From all the fruits, I like the more the bananas.
Ili estas zi _ alte sur zi foto. He is the tallest on the photo. Fremdo estas _ facile de langoyn. The Fremdo is the easiest of the languages.


Put the words: ant, at, int, it, ont, ot.
Zi prelekt_u prelektas longi. The speaker makes his conference during long. Prelekt_i eli enspezas monon. All making her conference she earns money.
Zi doro estas kloz_e. The door is closed. Dezkloz_i zi doron, ili enandis. After having opened the door, he went.
Zi buko estis vend_e. The book was sold. Dum zi ven_e yaro... The next year...
Tio estas afero decid_e. This is a thing to decide. Totu lov_u volas estare lov_e. Every lover wants to be loved.
Lu ne estas mie konex_oy. They are not acquaintances of mine. Zi montoy estas kovr_e de snowo. The mountains are covered with snow.
Manj_i ili lektis zi jurnalon. He read the newspaper eating. Ili venis al mi tuti neweyt_i. He has come to my place in an entirely unexpected way.
Far_i sie taskon, ili ekdormis. After having fulfilled his task, he has gone to sleep. Sur zi tawlo kuxis multi da lekt_e bukoy. On the table were put of numerous books remaining to read.
Ofand_i ili prenis sie maleton. On the point of going out he has taken his suitcase. Tiu loko estas ja okup_e. This place is already busy.
Kapt_i, ili forkuris. On the point of being caught, he has escaped. Txu vi estos mie langajud_o? Will you be my linguistic assistant?
En tiu salono estis multe homoy dans_e. In this lounge there were many people who danced. Ili estas ja oblid_e. He is already forgotten.
Txu ili estas vie lov_o? Is it him that you love? Drunk_i biron ili ekvolis dansare. Having drunk from the beer, he has had desire of dancing.


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The words of every day


  • Better is worth late than never! = Mos boni dezfrui zan nenien!
  • I thank you for your letter. = Mi dankas vin pro vie letero.
  • Immediately says, immediately made. = Jus dirite, tuy farite.
  • Country whose hosts we are. Lando wuz gestoy nu estas.


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What you know


  1. Recognizing the professionals of the amateurs.
  2. Comparing the different qualities.
  3. Every tenses of conjugation.
  4. The passive voice.




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