Lukleo Lesson 2

Un article de Lukleo.

  1. LUKLEO
  2. Concise Grammar
  3. Detailed Grammar




Sommaire

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Some ordinary endings


  1. The 5 vowels : -A, -E, -I, -O and -U.
    • In fremdo most of the words have an ending that indicates invariably the type of used word, explanations :
      1. A noun will end always to the singular by : -A, -O, -U.
      2. An adjective will end always by : -E.
      3. An adverb (derived) will end always by : -I.
  2. Thanks to that we are not going to need to learn as many words as in other languages, explanations :
    • Take the word "PATRO", the radical is : PATR, now let's add, to this radical, the 5 endings :
      1. patro = parent (neutral noun) ; patra = mother (feminine noun) ; patru = father (male noun) ; patre = parental (adjective) ; patri = parentally (adverb).


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The Formation of the words


The words in fremdo are formed from a radical and of an ending. The ending indicates the nature of the word. Thus all the neutral nouns end by -O, the feminine nouns by -A, the male nouns by –U, the adjectives by -E, the adverbs derived by -I. The words can be combined to prefixes or suffixes. Here you are some endings :


word Noun (neutral) Noun (plural) Noun (feminine) Noun (plural) Noun (male) Noun (plural) adjective adverb
ending o oy a ay u uy e i
fremdi kido kidoy kida kiday kidu kiduy fremde fremdi
in English child children girl girls boy boys foreign, Fremdo in Fremdo


  • The y of the plural is a half-consonant, therefore does not modify the place of the tonic accent. Ibidem for the w half-consonant.


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Some Words


In this lesson we have still underlined the letter that receives the tonic accent.


anglolo square awto car blue blue bovido calf (neutral) bovo cow (neutral) en in
kay and ile male kido child kidu boy lawde loud muziko music
aw or olaro tools olo instrument, tool olio tool box pikso picture side sat, sedentary
silento silence spide speedy, quick tre very ulo fellow, person vivo life vivu a living being


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Some affixes


  • What is an affix ?
  • An affix is an element that adds to a word to modify the sense.
    • When it is stuck before the word, one calls it prefix.
    • When it is stuck after the word, one calls it suffix.
  • The affixes are very used in Fremdo, it is for that that one says about the Fremdo that it is an agglutinating language.
  1. Example of word : (prefix + radical + suffix + ending)
    • neakirable = ne + akir + abl + e , how to decipher this word to translate it ?
      • The ending is e therefore it's an adjective.
      • The suffix is abl it expresses the possibility
      • The prefix is ne it express the negation, therefore in that case the impossibility
      • The radical is akir of acquiring, acquisition, etc..., therefore; who is impossible to acquire
    • neakirable = inaccessible
  • To every next lesson we will learn more.
  1. After the endings -A and -U that transforms the names in feminine and male, we have two suffixes that transform same way the adjectives and the adverbs (that end by -E and -I).
  2. -el-, as the ending -a, gives a feminine sense to the radical.
  3. -il-, as the ending -u, gives a male sense to the radical.
  4. -ol-, adds an "instrumental" sense to the radical.
  5. -ul-, gives a "living being" sense to the radical.
  6. dez- gives a "inverse, opposite" sense to the radical.
  7. diz- gives a "in several directions" sense to the radical.
  8. mis- gives a "not rightly, in error" sense to the radical.


-o neutral patro parent patre parental patri parentally
-el- feminine patra mother patrele maternal patreli maternally
-il- male patru father patrile paternal patrili paternally
kavalu horse kavala mare kavalilu stallion kavalulu centaur
reptare crawling reptulo reptile razare to shave razolo razor
bone good dezbone bad softe soft dezsofte hard
komprenare to understand miskomprenare to misunderstand racie proportionate misracie disproportionate
dize scattered dizi! break off the rows ! donare to give dizdonare to distribute, to deal
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Exercises


Put the affixes and the next elements : a, e, i, o, u, zi, _
patr_e paternal jov_ a teenager
dret_, _drete right, left _aventur_ misadventure
_jov_ an old female person patr_i maternally
bovu, bov_ _, cow bov_u bull
swipare, swip_o _, broom grindare, grind_o _, mill
_ awt_ blu_ the blue car _ piks_ tre interes_ a very interesting picture
_ kid_ kay _ kid_ en _ awt_ the girl|daughter and the boy in a car _ kid_ tre grand_ a very great child
spid_ quickly, fast _ muziko tre lawd_ a very strong music
silent_ sid_ sat in silence tre interes_ in a very interesting way
Lernes zel_! Learn with conscience ! _ kid_ kay _ patr_ the child and the mother
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The words of every day


Continuation...

  • I do not understand = Mi ne komprenas
  • How does we say that in English? = Wi oni diras tio engli?
  • Do you speak English? = Txu vi parolas engle?
  • Englishman = Englu
  • Frenchwoman = Francana
  • Germany = Djermanio
  • Spanish = Espanyo
  • Chinese= Xinoy
  • What is your name? = Wu estas vie nomo?
  • Delighted = Ravixite
  • How do you do? = Wi vi fartas?
  • Well = Boni
  • Badly = Dezboni
  • Medium = Mezboni
  • Good = Bone
  • Bad = Dezbone
  • Where are the toilets? = Wer estas zi neceseyoy?
  • Do you study the fremdo since long? = Txu vi lernas fremdo de longe taymo?
  • Since two years! Do you understand me well? = De du yaro! Txu vi komprenas min boni?
  • Speak loudly, I beg you! = paroles mos lawdi, mi pidas!
  • Please speak less fast. = Bonvoles parolare les spidi.
  • OK! = okiti!


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What you know


  1. Recognize a noun, of an adjective and of an adverb.
  2. Recognize the feminine, of the male and of the neutral.
  3. Guess the opposite.
  4. Form words.
  5. Form pieces of sentences.




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