Lukleo Lesson 3

Un article de Lukleo.

  1. LUKLEO
  2. Concise Grammar
  3. Detailed Grammar




Sommaire

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The Personal Pronouns and their Derivatives


Personal Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns
MI me MIE my, mine, mines MISELF myself
CI you CIE your, yours CISELF yourself
VI you (singular) VIE your, yours VISELF yourself
ELI she ELIE her ELISELF herself
ILI he ILIE him ILISELF himself
LI it LIE its LISELF itself
SI himself, herself, itself, themselves SIE his, her, its, their own SISELF himself, herself, itself, themselves
ONI one ONIE one's
NU we NUE our, ours NUSELF ourselves
VU you (plural) VUE your, yours VUSELF yourselves
ELU they, them (female) ELUE their, theirs ELUSELF themselves
ILU they, them (male) ILUE their, theirs ILUSELF themselves
LU they, them (neutre) LUE their, theirs LUSELF themselves


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Some ordinary endings (continuation and end)


  • You know already the endings in : -A, -E, -I, -O and -U.
  • In this lesson, you are going to learn the endings of the verbs in : -ARE, -AS, -ES, -IS, -OS and -US
  • The words in fremdo are formed from a radical and of an ending. The ending indicates the nature of the word. Thus all the verbs are ended at the infinitive by -are. Here you are some endings, including the main tenses of verb :


word Infinitive Present Past Future Conditional Imperative subjunctive
ending are as is os us es es
fremdi andare andas andis andos andus andes! andes
in English to go go, goes went, have gone will go would go go! went


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The Conjugation


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The infinitive


  • All the verbs to the infinitive end by: -ARE.
  • Pronunciation:
    1. to eat = manjare : manjare ; to see = vidare : vidare ; etc...


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The indicative


  1. Example with the verb estare = to be
  2. At the present, the verbs replace their ending -ARE by -AS to all the persons.
  3. At the past, the verbs replace their ending -ARE by -IS to all the persons.
    • In general, there is not difference between the imperfect, the simple past and the peterit in Fremdo, it is quite simply the past.
  4. At the future, the verbs replace their ending -ARE par -OS to all the persons.
  5. At the conditional, the verbs replace their ending -ARE by -US to all the persons.
  6. At the imperative, the verbs replace their ending -ARE by -ES to all the persons.
  7. At the subjunctive, the verbs replace their ending -ARE by -ES to all the persons.


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Board of Conjugation


Present Past Future Conditional Imperative Subjunctive
fremdi in English fremdi in English fremdi in English fremdi in English fremdi in English fremdi in English
estare to be askare to ask avare to have pidare to ask for lektare to read parolare to speak
mi estas I am mi askis I have asked mi avos I will have mi pidus I would ask for mi paroles I speak
ci estas you are ci askis you have asked ci avos you will have ci pidus you would ask for lektes ! read ! ci paroles you speak
vi estas you are vi askis you have asked vi avos you will have vi pidus you would ask for vi lektes ! read ! vi paroles you speak
eli estas she is eli askis she has asked eli avos she will have eli pidus she would ask for eli paroles she speaks
ili estas he is ili askis he has asked ili avos he will have ili pidus he would ask for ili paroles he speaks
li estas it is li askis it has asked li avos it will have li pidus it would ask for li paroles it speaks
oni estas one is oni askis one has asked oni avos one will have oni pidus one would ask for oni paroles one speaks
nu estas we are nu askis we have asked nu avos we will have nu pidus we would ask for nu lektes ! let's read! nu paroles we speak
vu estas you are vu askis you have asked vu avos you will have vu pidus you would ask for vu lektes ! read ! vu paroles you speak
elu estas they are elu askis they have asked elu avos they will have elu pidus they would ask for elu paroles they speak
ilu estas they are ilu askis they have asked ilu avos they will have ilu pidus they would ask for ilu paroles they speak
lu estas they are lu askis they have asked lu avos they will have lu pidus they would ask for lu paroles they speak


  1. As in English (her / elie and his / ilie) it is the subject that predominates for the possessive pronoun.


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Some Words


amike friendly antaw before, in front of boni well bonvolare be so kind as to diskutare to discuss doro door
interesare to interest kun with kurare to run lango language lernare to learn ofti often
amatajo hobby pensare to think poxo pocket pri about pasejare to go for a walk spidi quickly
parolare to speak tongo tongue txe at, beside, with veino neighbor wedu husband worko work


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Some affixes


  1. -aj-, gives the sense "materialization" expressed by the root.
  2. -ey-, gives the sense "of usual place" expressed by the root.
  3. -i-, gives the sense "of packaging" expressed by the root.
  4. -uy-, gives the sense "of receptacle" expressed by the root.


ajo a thing ajoy business spirite spiritual spiritajo witticism
soware to saw sowajo sawdust lakto milk laktajo dairy product
eyo place forjare to forge forjeyo forge awto car
awteyo garage io container sukro sugar sukrio sugar bowl
drinkare ti drink drinkio watering place uyo scabbard uyare fitting together
cigareto cigarette cigaretuyo smoke cigarette futo foot futuyo wedge-foot, stirrup


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Exercises


Put : the endings, the affixes and the personal and possessive pronouns
_ pens_ pri _ I will think about it _ pens_ pri _ He thinks about him
_ es_ _ vein_ You are my neighbor _ pens_ pri _ amik_ She will think to her friend
_ pren_ _ xlosolon de _ mon_o. I take my key of your purse. _ dezkloz_ _ awto kay _ ofand_ lin de zi awt_o She opens his car and I take it out from the garage.
_ venig_ _ kavalon antaw zi drink_o. It takes her horse in front of the watering place. _ and_ al drunk_o por parolare pri _. We go to the pub to talk about them.


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The words of each day


Continuation...

  • the husbands = wedoy
  • your wife = vie weda
  • my husband = mie wedu
  • I have three children = mi avas tri filyo
  • two daughters and a son = du filya kay unu filyu
  • mother = patra
  • mum = patrinya
  • father = patru
  • dad = patrinyu
  • your parents = vie patroy
  • a friend = amiku
  • a friend = amika
  • friends = amikoy
  • How old are you ? = Wom atje vi estas?
  • I'm twenty = mi estas dudisyare.


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What you know


  1. The personal pronouns.
  2. Conjugate the verbs at the indicative, the subjunctive, the imperative and the conditional tenses.
  3. Define any particular place, packaging and realizing every abstract idea.
  4. Understand and make to understand with small sentences yourself.


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Summary


  1. In these three first lessons, we have learned the base of the Fremdo, it does not miss more than to expand your vocabulary to be a perfect individual who wants to start the range of that wanting to communicate.
  2. In the next lessons we will see the syntax of the sentences and the small words that have a great importance.




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